terms used

Some terms used in water treatment

Water is an essential resource for human life. And it affects all the world’s people through the way it is used and managed. Therefore, we present this comprehensive list of some of the terms used in water treatment.

ABSOLUTE FILTRATION

It is a frequently used term as it represents the micron rating of a filter and indicates. That any particle larger than a certain size will be trapped within the filter. The absolute water filter is more than 95% efficient and routinely filters over 99.9% of particles 5 microns or larger. Although the majority of micron filters are nominal and sufficient, absolute filters become more necessary when a higher level of water is required. Water filters In applications that require a specific amount of debris to be removed or pathogens such as bacteria and cysts, a fired filter would also be the safest option. Such applications which include sterilization and post-filtration have the greatest use of absolute filtration.

ABSORPTION

A frequently used term, absorption occurs when a solid takes molecules in its skeleton. In other words, the absorption process sees the passage of one substance into another channel or through it completely. Absorption means that the material captures energy and converts it so the absorbent distributes the material it captures throughout the whole and the absorbent material distributes it only across the surface. Hydrogen chloride has a high affinity for water and adsorption can be easily achieved as long as a suitable gas-water contact method is found. The absorption of hydrogen chloride into the water generates a great deal of heat that must be removed from the system. The theoretical maximum achievable concentration depends on the temperature and partial pressure of HCI in the exhaust gas entering the plant.

Absorption systems produce medium-temperature energy by utilizing high-temperature energy and low-temperature waste energy. It is an economical option because it reduces the amount of heating by absorbing heat from low-temperature heat sources for use at medium temperatures. Other absorption systems can use both high-temperature and low-temperature energy by using the waste heat energy at a medium temperature. When heat is supplied at medium temperature, it is converted into high temperature and low temperature, which is a very useful method for industrial waste heat recovery.

ACID AEROSOL

Very small liquid or solid particles that are acidic and small enough to travel through air. Acid aerosols are made of very rich sulfur particles that leave the stratosphere of the Earth’s atmosphere and are one-millionth of a meter in diameter. The harmful effects of aerosols are seen in the emission of volatile organic compounds that lead to smog and other damage throughout the ozone layer.

Learn the terms used in water treatment with CAREWATER

ACID NEUTRALIZING CAPACITY

Acid neutralization capacity is a measure of the buffering capacity of water; The ability of water to resist changes in pH. When water sources contain high levels of ANC, there is an ability to maintain neutral pH even in the addition of acid rain inputs, but bodies of water with lower ANC will not be able to maintain neutral pH.

ACID RAIN

Rain has a very low pH, due to its contact with atmospheric pollutants such as sulfuric oxides. Atmospheric pollutants are caused by human activities such as burning fossil fuels which emit gases that combine with water vapors, oxygen, and other chemicals in the atmosphere to form solutions of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. The wind is able to spread these acids across hundreds of miles that fall to the ground in the form of precipitation (precipitation), thus creating acid rain.

ACID WATER

When the pH is less than 7. The pH is the scale for acidic water that ranges from 0 to 14. Anything less than 7 is considered acidic water and vice versa means it is alkaline water. The water becomes acidic during the hydrologic cycle when the water begins to evaporate and produce clouds and form moisture that leads to precipitation all over the land. In the precipitation process, the water is drenched with carbon dioxide and produces carbonic acid, like slightly acid rain.

ACIDICITY

The quantitative capacity of water to equal a base expressed in ppm or mg/L calcium carbonate. The number of hydrogen atoms present determines this. It is usually measured by titration with a standard solution of sodium hydroxide.

ACTIVATED CARBON

Another frequently used term is the most commonly used adsorption medium, produced by heating carbonaceous materials or cellulose bases in the absence of air. It has a highly porous structure and is commonly used to remove organic matter and dissolved gases from water. Its appearance is similar to coal or peat. Available in the form of granules, powder, or mass; In powder form, it has the highest absorption capacity.

ACTIVATED SLUDGE

It is a term used extensively in the field of water treatment, especially sewage. Activated sediment is a solid/soft material used to remove contaminants from wastewater through a biological response that includes oxygen. The activated sludge is simultaneously separated from the treated effluent and either discharged or returned to the processes when required.

ACTIVE GROUPS

Stabilization of ions in an ion exchanger matrix was achieved. Active groups in the periodic table of the elements must hold the oppositely charged ion around itself. The most reactive (reactive) metals are in the active groups near the lower-left corner of the periodic table. For example, sodium, lithium, and potassium are all highly reactive toward water, with group 1 (alkali metals, hydrogen) being the most reactive group on the periodic table.

ABSORPTION

The absorption process sees the separation of liquids, gases, colloids, or suspended matter from a medium by adherence to the surface or pores of a solid. So, in essence, the molecules of these elements will stick to the surface of the solid or liquid, rather than entering it. The particles are only loosely held by the surface and can be easily dropped.

ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS

One of several compound oxidation processes. Advanced chemical oxidation processes use (chemical) oxidants to reduce COD/BOD levels, and to remove oxidizable organic and inorganic components. Processes can completely oxidize organic matter to carbon dioxide and water, although it is often not necessary to run processes at this level of processing.

ADVANCED WASTEWATER TREATMENT

It is classified as wastewater purification which includes the removal of nutrients such as phosphorous, nitrogen, and a high percentage of suspended solids.

ADVANCED WATER TREATMENT

A term used and important in the field of water treatment, advanced water treatment relates to the level of water treatment that requires a high percentage reduction in the concentration of pollutants, also known as tertiary treatment. This process allows the water to be safely returned to the environment and treated to be suitable for consumption. In order to produce water that meets these standards, it must undergo a multi-step process that includes water treatment systems such as ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, and ultraviolet disinfection.

In general, advanced water treatment is needed for water sources that contain extremely high levels of pollutants such as sewage. Ultrafiltration acts as a pretreatment to remove sediment, particles, and microorganisms from treated wastewater. The wastewater is treated through Uf Membrane Filtration Technology which acts as a filter for the large particles that cannot pass through the small pores within the membranes. What remains of the treated effluent after the ultrafiltration process is the organic matter and dissolved salts that reach the second stage of the advanced treatment process.

The treated water is now pushed through a reverse osmosis system that has semi-permeable membranes that separate water molecules from any residual (smaller) organic matter, dissolved salts, bacteria, viruses, pesticides, and other unwanted contaminants. This is done through layers of reverse osmosis membranes that act as microscopic filtration technology. The final stage of the advanced water treatment process is the UV sterilizers which act as the last step to disinfect all residual contaminants in the product water. The UV water treatment process is primarily used as a last resort against harmful substances that make it into the produced water. Ensures that finished water is of maximum quality and safe for consumption or other applications.

AERATED LAGOON

Pond water treatment accelerates the biological decomposition of organic waste by stimulating the growth and activity of the bacteria responsible for the decomposition. Bacteria in wastewater sources contain dissolved oxygen.

AERATION TANK

A tank is used to inject air into water. Aeration tanks are mainly used for industrial wastewater treatment and minicpals as part of the secondary treatment process. Aeration tanks deliver oxygen through bacterial organisms to treat and conserve wastewater. This is important because in order for biodegradation to occur, the bacteria must absorb oxygen and help break down organic matter (carbon) to produce water and water.

AEROBIC

A process that occurs in the presence of oxygen, such as the digestion of organic matter by bacteria in an oxidation pool. When organic matter decreases when exposed to oxygen, the aerobic process occurs. The aerobic process depends on the use of tons of energy and is one of the common events throughout nature. One example of aerobic exercise is when areas of land containing dung from animals and trees are reshaped into roughly balanced humus.

AEROSOL

Very small liquid or solid particles are dispersed in the air. Ocean waves producing sea salts, winds blowing mineral dust, and bio-emissions are the most common natural sources of aerosols.

Knowing the terminology used is not only important for technicians but also for the user.

AFFINITY

The care with which the ion exchanger handles and holds onto the counter ion. The affinities are strongly influenced by the electrolyte concentration surrounding the ion exchanger. They are usually relegated to elements in groups 17 and 16 of the periodic table.

AGGLOMERATION

Agglomeration is the method of combining small molecules to form a larger mass. This process prevents all particulate compounds from dissolving by solidifying a strong center. For example, if someone places a block of a powdery substance inside a liquid beaker, the outside of the substance will slowly begin to dissolve the water, however, and the entire compound will remain intact. Thus, wet particles will be prevented from entering the dry central part of the powder mass.

AGGRESSIVE WATER

Water is soft and acidic and can corrode plumbing, pipes, and appliances. Usually this type of water contains an excessive amount of carbon dioxide deposits. It has been described as “aggressive” due to its high tendency to strike surfaces that contain metals such as copper, iron or calcium.

ALGAL BLOOMS

Periods of overgrowth of algae affect water quality. Algal blooms indicate potentially dangerous changes in the chemistry of the water. They can be seen by the color of the water, which is usually a greenish-blue color formed by bacteria. Many algal blooms arise from the abundance of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous within the water, producing greater degrees of vegetation and algae.

ALIQUOT

A measured portion of the sample was taken for analysis. Make up one or more quotients for the sample. In the field of chemistry, an aliquot is an exact fraction of samples or even the total amount of a liquid. Pharmaceutical applications use an aliquot for the purposes of identifying components under the sensitivity of the scale by a similar solution with known inoperable components.

ALKALINE

Alkalinity means the buffering capacity of water; The ability of water to neutralize itself. It prevents the pH levels in the water from becoming too harsh or acidic. It also adds carbon to the water. Alkalinity stabilizes water at pH levels around 7. However, when the acidity is high in the water, the alkalinity decreases, which may cause conditions harmful to aquatic life.

ALLUVIUM

Silt is sediment deposited by erosion processes, usually by streams. They generally form in a large-scale process throughout the shallow end of rivers and create the floodplains of deltas. Silt is likely to be released during any stage when a river overflows or drops abruptly at a river’s rapid flow rate, such as when it comes into contact with a lake.

ANAEROBIC

It is a process that occurs in the absence of oxygen. Such as the digestion of organic matter by bacteria in a UASB reactor. Anaerobic treatment works by breaking down unwanted organic matter in wastewater or materials without the need for dissolved oxygen. However, anaerobic bacteria possess the ability to use the oxygen within the oxides or even obtain it from biological materials within the wastewater.

ANION

“A negatively charged ion results from the dissociation of salts, acids, or alkalis in solution. Anions are formed when a common parent brings one or more electrons into its domain for the purposes of oct-bit termination and stability. As a result, anions carry more electrons than the number of protons that provide them with a negative charge. Pure. Anions are generally formed by the action of metal atoms.

ANODE

A site in electrolysis where metal goes into a solution of a cation leaving behind the equivalent of electrons to be transferred to an opposite electrode called a cathode. The anodes routinely have a positive voltage and are responsible for the corrosion of the metal from the electrodes through chemically oxidized anions. Since the anodes separate a plate that has a very high positive charge, the anions will be attracted to it, aiding in the oxidation process.

AQUATIC

Growing in water, or living in water, or a lot of water. Aquatics are classified in biological terms as a freshwater ecosystem that generally includes terrestrial water systems and salt lakes.

AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY

The maximum concentration of a chemical that dissolves in a given amount of water. Water solubility describes the neutral point where a solid, liquid, or gas is at a given pressure or temperature. Solubility in water is calculated by dividing the mass of the ocean by the mass of the solvent and multiplying by 100.

WATER AQUEOUS

Something made of water. Aqueous compounds are sometimes soluble in water and other times they do not. The formation of an aqueous solution arises when the compound is dissolved in water. In the absence of the compound does not dissolve, it becomes a solid precipitate. Some examples of aqueous solutions are seawater and Coca-Cola and some solutions such as base and acid. Liquids that do not contain water are examples of non-aqueous solutions.

AQUIFER

Aquifers are geological formations in the form of rocks, soil, and sand within groundwater sources. As groundwater moves through these small openings (spaces and fissures), it is stored in aquifers. Aquifers hold large amounts of groundwater that can be used as drinking water or in other applications such as agriculture, industrial or commercial use.

AROMATICS

Aromatics are a type of hydrocarbon that has a cyclic structure, such as benzene and toluene. It can be found for example in gasoline and is capable of combustion with a sooting flame. The percentage of carbon within aromatic compounds is much higher than in other compounds such as aliphatic. It is a periodical with alternate single and double links which

Eliminates the chances of being targeted by natural oxidizing or reducing agents.

ASSIMILATION

Absorption is the ability of water to purify itself of contaminants. Certain events make the assimilation process more difficult. Natural disasters such as droughts or floods can pollute water and soil by discharging a high concentration of pollutants into wastewater. These events hinder the assimilation process due to insufficient water to sterilize the high concentration of waste.

ASSIMILATIVE CAPACITY

The ability of natural water to receive sewage or toxic substances without negative effects. And without harming aquatic life or the people who consume the water. In other words, absorptive capacity describes the ability of a water body to clean itself. In order to prevent the concentration of dissolved oxygen from dropping below the levels. It required to provide protection to the organisms within the body of water, the carrying capacity must not be exceeded.

Knowing the terminology used in water treatment is essential for all those working in the water industry.

ATOM

The smallest unit of substance unique to a given element. They are the basic building blocks of all matter and are made up of three specific particles referred to as electrons, neutrons, and protons. The center of the atom is the place where the neutrons and protons are located. Which is called the nucleus, while the electrons hover over the nucleus in the form of a small cloud.

ATOMIC NUMBER

A specific number varies for each element, equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of each of its atoms. So, in essence, the atomic number is equal to the number of protons the atom has which determines the type of the atom. The amount of protons inside an atom varies with each element. Hydrogen atoms contain only one proton, oxygen atoms hold eight, and carbon atoms have six protons.

ATTENUATION

The process of reducing the concentration of a compound over time. This can be through absorption, absorption, degradation, dilution or conversion. In other words, attenuation is what causes the intensity of energy to decrease as it passes through a medium. To visualize this process, you must think about how different forms of energy such as heat, radiation, light, and heat move in invisible currents.

EXTENSION ATTRITION

A measure of the amount of chlorine available in chlorinated lime, hypochlorites, and other materials. Many engineers in the water treatment industry mix available chlorine with chlorine that is capable of oxidizing things and not actually being reduced by other reactions.

AVAILABLE CHLORINE

It is a measure of the amount of chlorine available in chlorinated lime, hypochlorite compounds, and other materials. And the available chlorine is the type of substance that calms down when purified with acid with the presence of chlorides. Hypochlorous acids and dissolved gases are some other forms of available chlorine, with the exception of amine-infused chlorine or other organic matter.

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